In Scottsdale there are 10 residential internet providers covering 100.00% of the city. The average home can get speeds up to 935 Mbps. Note that we may have a financial relationship with some of the providers below. This does not influence rankings, and helps us provide high-quality detailed information for free.

 

10 Internet Service Providers in Scottsdale

Centurylink | DSL

Availability:

88.47%

Avg. Speed:

93 Mbps

Cox Communications | Cable

Availability:

86.84%

Avg. Speed:

1,000 Mbps

Cox Communications | Cable

Availability:

86.84%

Avg. Speed:

1,000 Mbps

Centurylink | Fiber

Availability:

30.61%

Avg. Speed:

757 Mbps

Saddleback Communications | Fiber

Availability:

1.82%

Avg. Speed:

500 Mbps

Triad Wireless | Fixed Wireless

Availability:

96.50%

Avg. Speed:

300 Mbps

Phoenix Internet | Fixed Wireless

Availability:

46.93%

Avg. Speed:

50 Mbps

T-Mobile Home Internet | 4G & 5G Home Internet

Availability:

31.15%

Avg. Speed:

25 Mbps

Desert iNET | Fixed Wireless

Availability:

5.09%

Avg. Speed:

58 Mbps

Rio Verde Wireless | Fixed Wireless

Availability:

2.43%

Avg. Speed:

48 Mbps

To avoid wasting your time, providers with less than 1% coverage in Scottsdale are not shown.

 

Scottsdale Satellite TV & Internet Providers

DISH Satellite TV

Availability:

100%

Avg. Speed:

N/A: Call to bundle.

 

DIRECTV Satellite TV

Availability:

100%

Avg. Speed:

N/A

Not sure whether to choose Dish or DIRECTV? For most people most of the time we recommend DISH. But click here to learn more.

 

HughesNet Satellite Internet

Availability:

100%

Avg. Speed:

15 Mbps

(High latency)

 

 

 

Where in Scottsdale is internet available?

Scottsdale, AZ map of internet availability

Internet Availability Key

0%
50%
100%

 

Internet service is available in 100.00% of Scottsdale. Areas in green are more likely to have fiber, cable, DSL, or fixed wireless internet service. Areas in red may be more reliant on satellite service. The most widely available provider is Triad Wireless. Call one of the companies with service in Scottsdale above to see who has service at your home, or click the technology to see where it can be found in Scottsdale.

 

How fast are internet speeds in Scottsdale?

The map below shows maximum internet speeds by area in Scottsdale.

Scottsdale, AZ map of local internet speeds

Internet Speed Key

1 Mbps
50 Mbps
1000 Mbps+

 

The average Scottsdale home can get up to 935 Mbps on their internet plan. For most people, the fastest download speed in the city is 1,000 Mbps, which 89.81% of residents can get. Some homes and apartments do not have access to these speeds. On the slower end, for example, less than 1% of homes can only purchase plans up to 7.0 Mbps. See the internet provider details below for info about their speed and coverage in Scottsdale.

Internet speeds tend to be faster in the northwest parts of Scottsdale, and slower in the southeast areas of the city.

 

What type of internet should I choose in Scottsdale?

The fastest internet for you may vary based on where in Scottsdale you live. If speed is your main concern, cable will be the fastest internet in the city.

  • Fiber is the fastest internet type for 38.57% of Scottsdale homes.
  • Cable is fastest for 54.05% of the city.
  • DSL is fastest for less than 1%.
  • Fixed wireless is fastest for 7.35%.
  • Satellite internet may be the only option for less than 1% of Scottsdale homes.

 

Internet Market Health in Scottsdale

Scottsdale, AZ map of internet competition

Internet Competition Key

4+ options
2 options
No alternatives

The map shows how competitive the Scottsdale internet service market is. Areas in green have more alternatives, areas in yellow have a few choices, and areas in red may have only one provider. More competition usually means faster speeds and better prices for you, the customer.

Below are quick facts on internet competition and market health in Scottsdale based on what connections the average home has availabile:

  • Average number of internet service providers to a home: 4.3 (very healthy)
  • Average types of service (fiber, cable, DSL, etc): 3.3 (very healthy)
  • Average providers with broadband (25 Mbps+) speeds: 4.2 (very healthy)

Overall, competition is very healthy.

Scottsdale internet customers have the ability to buy internet service from 1 to 8 different providers, depending on where they live. For different types of service, Scottsdale homes have between 1 and 4 options. The type(s) of service available are fixed wireless, dsl, cable, and fiber, though these may vary depending on the region within the city.

When it comes to broadband download speeds faster than 25 Mbps, the situation is worse. Scottsdale internet customers who want faster speeds have between 0 and 8 choices of companies offering speeds up to or over 25 Mbps.

More internet companies with faster speeds means fewer monopolies and better prices for customers. In promoting a free market for internet, Scottsdale is doing quite well.

 

TV & Internet Providers in Depth

Below you'll find which TV and internet providers offer service in Scottsdale, along with details on where in Scottsdale and at what speeds.

Centurylink DSL in Scottsdale, AZ

Centurylink DSL coverage

About 88.47%, or 237,693 people, have Centurylink DSL internet available to them in the city. The company covers the east, south, northwest, southwest, west, northeast, north, and central Scottsdale area. Centurylink is one of the largest internet service providers internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in most of Scottsdale.

 

Centurylink DSL download speeds

Centurylink is below average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other DSL providers in the area, Centurylink DSL is the fastest. There are 17 different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Centurylink goes up to 140 Mbps, the slowest package only goes up to 0.50 Mbps, and the city-wide average maximum speed for Scottsdale customers is up to 93 Mbps.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Centurylink customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 26.0% up to 140.0 Mbps
  • 0.5% up to 120.0 Mbps
  • 37.3% up to 100.0 Mbps
  • 13.9% up to 80.0 Mbps
  • 4.5% up to 60.0 Mbps
  • 8.2% up to 40.0 Mbps
  • 2.0% up to 30.0 Mbps
  • 1.1% up to 20.0 Mbps
  • 1.0% up to 15.0 Mbps
  • 1.0% up to 12.0 Mbps
  • 1.9% up to 10.0 Mbps
  • 0.5% up to 7.0 Mbps
  • 0.4% up to 6.0 Mbps
  • 0.1% up to 5.0 Mbps
  • 1.2% up to 3.0 Mbps
  • 0.5% up to 1.5 Mbps
  • 0.1% up to 0.5 Mbps

 

Centurylink DSL upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Centurylink DSL. Compared to other ISPs, Centurylink is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and the fastest compared to other Scottsdale DSL providers. Centurylink offers 17 different upload speeds across the city, so your internet plan's upload speed may vary by neighborhood. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 40 Mbps. Some customers have slower plan choices, which only go up to 0.25 Mbps. On average, Centurylink customers can get speeds up to 11 Mbps.

Show all upload speeds

Centurylink's Scottsdale DSL customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 1.2% up to 40.0 Mbps
  • 0.1% up to 30.0 Mbps
  • 27.0% up to 20.0 Mbps
  • 0.2% up to 12.0 Mbps
  • 49.4% up to 10.0 Mbps
  • 5.5% up to 5.0 Mbps
  • 6.9% up to 3.0 Mbps
  • 0.8% up to 2.0 Mbps
  • 2.2% up to 1.5 Mbps
  • 2.2% up to 1.0 Mbps
  • 1.2% up to 0.9 Mbps
  • 0.0% up to 0.8 Mbps
  • 1.1% up to 0.8 Mbps
  • 0.0% up to 0.6 Mbps
  • 0.7% up to 0.5 Mbps
  • 1.4% up to 0.5 Mbps
  • 0.1% up to 0.3 Mbps

 

 

 

Cox Communications Cable in Scottsdale, AZ

Cox cable coverage

About 86.84%, or 233,300 people, have Cox cable internet available to them in the city. The company covers the south, east, southwest, northwest, west, northeast, north, and central Scottsdale area. Cox is one of the largest internet service providers internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in most of Scottsdale.

 

Cox Communications cable download speeds

Cox is one of the fastest when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other cable providers in the area, Cox cable is the fastest. There are no different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Cox goes up to 1,000 Mbps, and all Scottsdale customers can get this speed.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Cox Communications customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 100.0% up to 1,000.0 Mbps

 

Cox Communications cable upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Cox cable. Compared to other ISPs, Cox is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and the fastest compared to other Scottsdale cable providers. Cox offers no different upload speeds across the city. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 35 Mbps, which is available to everyone covered.

Show all upload speeds

Cox's Scottsdale cable customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 100.0% up to 35.0 Mbps

 

 

 

Cox Communications Fiber in Scottsdale, AZ

Cox fiber coverage

About 35.76%, or 96,061 people, have Cox fiber internet available to them in the city. The company covers the east, northwest, central, northeast, north, south, southwest, and west Scottsdale area. Cox is one of the largest internet service providers internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in some of Scottsdale.

 

Cox Communications fiber download speeds

Cox is one of the fastest when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fiber providers in the area, Cox fiber is the fastest. There are no different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Cox goes up to 1,000 Mbps, and all Scottsdale customers can get this speed.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Cox Communications customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 100.0% up to 1,000.0 Mbps

 

Cox Communications fiber upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Cox fiber. Compared to other ISPs, Cox is above average where upload speeds are concerned, and the fastest compared to other Scottsdale fiber providers. Cox offers 2 different upload speeds across the city, so your internet plan's upload speed may vary by neighborhood. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 1,000 Mbps. Some customers have slower plan choices, which only go up to 35 Mbps. On average, Cox customers can get speeds up to 996 Mbps.

Show all upload speeds

Cox's Scottsdale fiber customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 99.6% up to 1,000.0 Mbps
  • 0.4% up to 35.0 Mbps

 

 

 

Centurylink Fiber in Scottsdale, AZ

Centurylink fiber coverage

About 30.61%, or 82,241 people, have Centurylink fiber internet available to them in the city. The company covers the south, southwest, northeast, north, east, northwest, west, and central Scottsdale area. Centurylink is one of the largest internet service providers internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in a small portion of Scottsdale.

 

Centurylink fiber download speeds

Centurylink is above average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fiber providers in the area, Centurylink fiber is above average. There are 7 different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Centurylink goes up to 940 Mbps, the slowest package only goes up to 1.5 Mbps, and the city-wide average maximum speed for Scottsdale customers is up to 757 Mbps.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Centurylink customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 77.6% up to 940.0 Mbps
  • 14.2% up to 150.0 Mbps
  • 5.7% up to 100.0 Mbps
  • 0.5% up to 80.0 Mbps
  • 1.6% up to 40.0 Mbps
  • 0.5% up to 20.0 Mbps
  • 0.0% up to 1.5 Mbps

 

Centurylink fiber upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Centurylink fiber. Compared to other ISPs, Centurylink is above average where upload speeds are concerned, and above average compared to other Scottsdale fiber providers. Centurylink offers 11 different upload speeds across the city, so your internet plan's upload speed may vary by neighborhood. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 940 Mbps. Some customers have slower plan choices, which only go up to 0.51 Mbps. On average, Centurylink customers can get speeds up to 733 Mbps.

Show all upload speeds

Centurylink's Scottsdale fiber customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 77.2% up to 940.0 Mbps
  • 0.3% up to 200.0 Mbps
  • 2.0% up to 100.0 Mbps
  • 3.2% up to 50.0 Mbps
  • 14.6% up to 20.0 Mbps
  • 0.9% up to 10.0 Mbps
  • 1.1% up to 5.0 Mbps
  • 0.0% up to 2.0 Mbps
  • 0.0% up to 1.5 Mbps
  • 0.5% up to 0.9 Mbps
  • 0.0% up to 0.5 Mbps

 

 

 

Saddleback Communications Fiber in Scottsdale, AZ

Saddleback Communications fiber coverage

About 1.82%, or 4,892 people, have Saddleback Communications fiber internet available to them in the city. The company covers the southeast, south, and east Scottsdale area. Saddleback Communications is a small internet service provider internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in a very small piece of Scottsdale.

 

Saddleback Communications fiber download speeds

Saddleback Communications is above average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fiber providers in the area, Saddleback Communications fiber is above average. There are no different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Saddleback Communications goes up to 500 Mbps, and all Scottsdale customers can get this speed.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Saddleback Communications customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 100.0% up to 500.0 Mbps

 

Saddleback Communications fiber upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Saddleback Communications fiber. Compared to other ISPs, Saddleback Communications is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and below average compared to other Scottsdale fiber providers. Saddleback Communications offers no different upload speeds across the city. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 50 Mbps, which is available to everyone covered.

Show all upload speeds

Saddleback Communications's Scottsdale fiber customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 100.0% up to 50.0 Mbps

 

 

 

Triad Wireless Fixed Wireless in Scottsdale, AZ

Triad Wireless fixed wireless coverage

About 96.50%, or 259,262 people, have Triad Wireless fixed wireless internet available to them in the city. The company covers the entire Scottsdale area. Triad Wireless is one of the largest internet service providers internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in most of Scottsdale.

 

Triad Wireless fixed wireless download speeds

Triad Wireless is above average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fixed wireless providers in the area, Triad Wireless fixed wireless is above average. There are no different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Triad Wireless goes up to 300 Mbps, and all Scottsdale customers can get this speed.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Triad Wireless customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 100.0% up to 300.0 Mbps

 

Triad Wireless fixed wireless upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Triad Wireless fixed wireless. Compared to other ISPs, Triad Wireless is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and below average compared to other Scottsdale fixed wireless providers. Triad Wireless offers no different upload speeds across the city. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 50 Mbps, which is available to everyone covered.

Show all upload speeds

Triad Wireless's Scottsdale fixed wireless customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 100.0% up to 50.0 Mbps

 

 

 

Phoenix Internet Fixed Wireless in Scottsdale, AZ

Phoenix Internet fixed wireless coverage

About 46.93%, or 126,088 people, have Phoenix Internet fixed wireless internet available to them in the city. The company covers the entire Scottsdale area. Phoenix Internet is a large internet service provider internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in some of Scottsdale.

 

Phoenix Internet fixed wireless download speeds

Phoenix Internet is below average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fixed wireless providers in the area, Phoenix Internet fixed wireless is below average. There are no different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Phoenix Internet goes up to 50 Mbps, and all Scottsdale customers can get this speed.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Phoenix Internet customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 100.0% up to 50.0 Mbps

 

Phoenix Internet fixed wireless upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Phoenix Internet fixed wireless. Compared to other ISPs, Phoenix Internet is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and below average compared to other Scottsdale fixed wireless providers. Phoenix Internet offers no different upload speeds across the city. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 5.0 Mbps, which is available to everyone covered.

Show all upload speeds

Phoenix Internet's Scottsdale fixed wireless customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 100.0% up to 5.0 Mbps

 

 

 

T-Mobile Home Internet in Scottsdale, AZ

T-Mobile Home Internet fixed wireless coverage

About 31.15%, or 83,685 people, have T-Mobile Home Internet fixed wireless internet available to them in the city. The company covers the entire Scottsdale area. T-Mobile Home Internet is one of the largest internet service providers internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in a small portion of Scottsdale.

 

T-Mobile Home Internet fixed wireless download speeds

T-Mobile Home Internet is below average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fixed wireless providers in the area, T-Mobile Home Internet fixed wireless is below average. There are no different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from T-Mobile Home Internet goes up to 25 Mbps, and all Scottsdale customers can get this speed.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to T-Mobile Home Internet customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 100.0% up to 25.0 Mbps

 

T-Mobile Home Internet fixed wireless upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for T-Mobile Home Internet fixed wireless. Compared to other ISPs, T-Mobile Home Internet is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and below average compared to other Scottsdale fixed wireless providers. T-Mobile Home Internet offers no different upload speeds across the city. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 3.0 Mbps, which is available to everyone covered.

Show all upload speeds

T-Mobile Home Internet's Scottsdale fixed wireless customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 100.0% up to 3.0 Mbps

 

 

 

Desert iNET Fixed Wireless in Scottsdale, AZ

Desert iNET fixed wireless coverage

About 5.09%, or 13,673 people, have Desert iNET fixed wireless internet available to them in the city. The company covers the northeast, northwest, and north Scottsdale area. Desert iNET is a large internet service provider internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in a very small piece of Scottsdale.

 

Desert iNET fixed wireless download speeds

Desert iNET is below average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fixed wireless providers in the area, Desert iNET fixed wireless is below average. There are 5 different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Desert iNET goes up to 330 Mbps, the slowest package only goes up to 7.0 Mbps, and the city-wide average maximum speed for Scottsdale customers is up to 58 Mbps.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Desert iNET customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 1.2% up to 330.0 Mbps
  • 15.3% up to 80.0 Mbps
  • 70.4% up to 55.0 Mbps
  • 12.8% up to 27.0 Mbps
  • 0.3% up to 7.0 Mbps

 

Desert iNET fixed wireless upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Desert iNET fixed wireless. Compared to other ISPs, Desert iNET is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and below average compared to other Scottsdale fixed wireless providers. Desert iNET offers 4 different upload speeds across the city, so your internet plan's upload speed may vary by neighborhood. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 330 Mbps. Some customers have slower plan choices, which only go up to 1.1 Mbps. On average, Desert iNET customers can get speeds up to 24 Mbps.

Show all upload speeds

Desert iNET's Scottsdale fixed wireless customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 1.2% up to 330.0 Mbps
  • 85.7% up to 22.0 Mbps
  • 12.8% up to 11.0 Mbps
  • 0.3% up to 1.1 Mbps

 

 

 

Rio Verde Wireless Fixed Wireless in Scottsdale, AZ

Rio Verde Wireless fixed wireless coverage

About 2.43%, or 6,528 people, have Rio Verde Wireless fixed wireless internet available to them in the city. The company covers the northeast, north, east, northwest, and central Scottsdale area. Rio Verde Wireless is a small internet service provider internet service providers in the US, with internet service available in a very small piece of Scottsdale.

 

Rio Verde Wireless fixed wireless download speeds

Rio Verde Wireless is below average when comparing download speeds to all other internet providers in Scottsdale. Versus other fixed wireless providers in the area, Rio Verde Wireless fixed wireless is below average. There are 7 different maximum speeds throughout Scottsdale. The fastest plan anyone in Scottsdale can order from Rio Verde Wireless goes up to 100 Mbps, the slowest package only goes up to 5.0 Mbps, and the city-wide average maximum speed for Scottsdale customers is up to 48 Mbps.

Show all download speeds

The following maximum speeds are marketed to Rio Verde Wireless customers in Scottsdale. Cheaper plans with slower speeds may be available.

  • 11.9% up to 100.0 Mbps
  • 5.3% up to 80.0 Mbps
  • 10.6% up to 60.0 Mbps
  • 40.0% up to 50.0 Mbps
  • 18.3% up to 25.0 Mbps
  • 13.7% up to 10.0 Mbps
  • 0.3% up to 5.0 Mbps

 

Rio Verde Wireless fixed wireless upload speeds

In Scottsdale download speeds tend to be than upload speeds for Rio Verde Wireless fixed wireless. Compared to other ISPs, Rio Verde Wireless is below average where upload speeds are concerned, and below average compared to other Scottsdale fixed wireless providers. Rio Verde Wireless offers 3 different upload speeds across the city, so your internet plan's upload speed may vary by neighborhood. The fastest upload speed available to anyone from this ISP in Scottsdale is up to 20 Mbps. Some customers have slower plan choices, which only go up to 2.0 Mbps. On average, Rio Verde Wireless customers can get speeds up to 15 Mbps.

Show all upload speeds

Rio Verde Wireless's Scottsdale fixed wireless customers can expect the following upload speeds:

  • 65.1% up to 20.0 Mbps
  • 20.9% up to 10.0 Mbps
  • 14.0% up to 2.0 Mbps

 

 

 

 

Scottsdale Internet by Area

This information is most helpful to those looking for homes or considering moving to Scottsdale or any of the areas nearby.

How does internet in Scottsdale compare to the rest of Arizona?

Internet speeds in Scottsdale are comparable versus the average speeds in Arizona: 861 Mbps in Arizona versus 935 Mbps in the city. The state has similar internet availability compared to the city. Average internet coverage in Arizona is 99.49% versus 100.00% in Scottsdale.

What zip codes have widespread internet?

Internet coverage varies by zip code and neighborhood. Some examples in or around Scottsdale are shown below. You can enter any zip code here to see TV and internet providers by zip code.

Zip Code
Internet Coverage
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
Zip Code
Internet Coverage
100.00%
99.99%
100.00%
100.00%
0.00%

What does internet service look like in other cities?

Below are cities nearby and with similar populations. This comparison can be useful if living somewhere with fast internet is important to you.

Nearby Cities

Cities with Similar Populations